Technology

Nozzle-flapper. The slow, boring choice
that keeps working in year ten.

Most positioners sold today either use a nozzle-flapper I/P converter or a piezo-electric pilot. The two behave very differently once plant air is not perfectly clean and the ambient temperature swings. We build on nozzle-flapper — the route Fisher, Samson, ABB and Azbil also use — for one practical reason: it forgives your air supply.

36 L/h steady-state air 0.2% F.S. repeatability Failsafe without external hardware TSP 10–30% partial stroke 3–5 min auto-calibration
Inside the loop

From 4–20 mA to a valve stem position

Five stages, no digital trick in between. Knowing this is what lets you troubleshoot a loop in ten minutes instead of swapping parts.

4–20 mA coil FLAPPER gap nozzle AMPLIFIER back-pressure → relay supply 1.4–6 bar ACTUATOR stem position sensor
1

Current becomes force

The 4–20 mA signal drives a coil. Current in, magnetic force out — no motor, no gear train, nothing to wear into backlash.

2

Flapper gap controls back-pressure

A flapper is pulled toward a nozzle. The closer it sits, the higher the pressure behind the nozzle. This is the only measuring point in the loop.

3

Pressure becomes air flow

A pneumatic relay amplifies that small back-pressure into the flow your actuator needs on OUT1 or OUT2, then the position sensor closes the loop.

Design route

Nozzle-flapper vs. piezo pilot

Both work on a bench with clean, dry, constant-temperature air. The difference shows up in month eighteen, on a plant air header everyone has stopped caring about.

Nozzle-flapper I/P

Used by Fisher · Samson · ABB · Azbil · Torleo
  • ✓Particle and oil in plant air do not change the flapper gap. Only bulk water or liquid oil reaching the relay causes trouble — and that is visible on any filter.
  • ✓Analogue control, continuous. Nothing is switched at high frequency, so there is no wear-out mechanism in the pilot itself.
  • ✓Stable zero across temperature. No material hysteresis to re-zero after a cold night.
  • ✓Multiple independent suppliers of the pilot principle — no single-source cartridge inside your positioner.
  • –Higher steady current through the coil than a piezo pilot (0.05–0.15 A class). Irrelevant on a 4–20 mA loop, matters if you are designing an ultra-low-power device.

Piezo-electric pilot

Common in compact and low-power designs
  • ✓Very low drive current (µA range), which suits loop-powered electronics with tight power budgets.
  • –Demands genuinely instrument-grade air. Moisture or oil contamination changes the piezo deflection, the pilot moves outside its working point and the valve starts to oscillate or hunt.
  • –Deflection depends on air composition, so performance drifts in humid or oily service and at temperature extremes (zero shift).
  • –Driven by high-frequency PWM. Duty cycle accumulates — service life is shorter than an analogue pilot in the same duty.
  • –The cartridge is a specialist part with very few sources. When it is discontinued, the positioner is scrap.

If your plant air is instrument-grade and you are designing a battery or loop-powered device, a piezo pilot is a legitimate choice. If you are specifying for a refinery, a chemical plant or a steel mill where the air header is shared with everything else, the nozzle-flapper route is the one that survives.

Operating cost

Steady-state air consumption, published figures

A positioner that bleeds continuously is a compressor load that runs 8,760 hours a year. On a large site this line item is bigger than the purchase price.

PositionerSteady-state air
TORLEO TOP-5879F136 L/h
ABB TZID-C24 L/h
Masonelian SVI II AP36 L/h
Metso ND9000104 L/h
Samson 373X110 L/h
Azbil SVP302210 L/h
Flowserve PMV-D3490 L/h
Fisher DVC6200537 L/h
Foxboro SRD9601000 L/h

Published steady-state consumption, no valve movement. This table is not a claim of overall superiority: two competitors sit in the same low-consumption class, and the rest of the installed base is 3–15× higher. It exists because nobody puts this number on a tender document, and then everyone is surprised by the compressor bill.

What the difference is worth

Compared against a 537 L/h unit at the same duty.
— Nm³compressed air not produced, per year
≈ — per year, and the same again every year after that.
System cost

Three things you do not have to buy

Every one of these is normally an accessory line on the same purchase order. We moved them into the housing.

✓

Fail-in-place without a comparator

The P/I air path closes automatically on loss of signal, air or power. Hold the valve where it is with one external air-lock valve and nothing else.

A comparable imported positioner needs three external parts for the same function: current-loss comparator, solenoid valve and air-lock valve — plus the tubing and the panel space.
✓

Limit switch contacts

Upper and lower position contacts are available as a built-in module. Wire the DCS interlock straight to the terminal block.

Otherwise: a mechanical switch box mounted on the yoke, mechanically coupled to the stem, and re-adjusted every time the packing is serviced.
✓

A production stop to change one

Copy four parameters into the spare, swap the housing, done — no full auto-calibration on a live loop. Full auto-calibration itself takes 3–5 minutes on a normal actuator.

Field-replaceable while the line is running. On a continuous process the saving is not the positioner, it is the restart.
Safety loops

Partial stroke test on ESD valves

The failure mode nobody catches in a DCS trend: an emergency shutdown valve that has not moved in two years and no longer will.

01

Move it 10–30%

Built-in TSP strokes the ESD valve part of its travel from the fully open position, on a schedule, and returns it. The line keeps running.

02

Prove the stem actually moved

The position feedback confirms travel, not just an output signal. A stuck stem shows up as a failed test instead of a failed trip.

03

Feed your SIS

Results support the proof-test interval your SLS logic expects, without a full shutdown stroke. Standard on the C-series electronics.

Datasheet

Performance figures

Taken from the published datasheet. Ask us for the test report on any line item.

ParameterValueBasis
Control accuracy0.1–0.3 % F.S.Auto-calibrated, typical actuator
Repeatability0.2 % F.S.Datasheet
Linearity0.3 % F.S.Datasheet
Hysteresis0.2 % F.S.Datasheet
Sensitivity0.2 % F.S.Datasheet
Steady-state air36 L/h1.4 bar supply, no movement
Air supply1.4–6 barOil-free, dry, filtered
Stroke range10–150 mm linear · 0–120° rotaryDirect or lever feedback
Ambient−30…+70 °C (T4) · low-temp −40…+60 °CModel dependent
EnclosureIP66IEC 60529
SafetySIL3 capableTÜV SÜD certificate
HousingDie-cast aluminium, epoxy coated · 316L stainlessModel dependent

Weight: 3.5 kg aluminium / 5.2 kg stainless (C41). Enclosure 130 × 128 × 153 mm (C41) · 155 × 128 × 145 mm (C45).

Send us the loop, not the catalogue number.

Valve type, size, actuator, air supply, area classification and what has been failing. We will tell you which configuration fits — and which accessory you can drop.

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